Transliteration
Coptic/Latin Transliteration 2021
الدلالات الصوتية للغة القبطية
مكتوبة بالحروف اللاتينية (الإنجليزية)
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Writing the Coptic Language in Latin letters is sometimes needed, i.e. a Coptic-Latin transliteration is needed.
I had suggested a transliteration in my book Ehyaa` allughah alqebtiyyah إحياء اللغة القبطية “Revival of the Coptic Language”, but I suggest now another transliteration depending on using captital Latin letters to express some Coptic letters, together with the small Latin letters expressing the other letters.
I suggest the following transliteration for the Coptic alphabet:
a b g d e 6 z E T i k l m n x o p r s t u P c ps O S f K h j C ti
ⲁ ⲃ ⲅ ⲇ ⲉ ⲋ ⲍ ⲏ ⲑ ⲓ ⲕ ⲗ ⲙ ⲛ ⲝ ⲟ ⲡ ⲣ ⲥ ⲧ ⲩ ⲫ ⲭ ⲯ ⲱ ϣ ϥ ϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ
···
A small superlinear /h/ can be added to the suggested letter to add information about its origin or pronunciation, thus: Sh in addition to S, to transliterate ϣ, and Kh in addition to K, to transliterate ϧ. This is for beginners until they get acquainted with the transliteration. Later there will be no need for the superlinear /h/.
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The idea depends on the fact that there are several Coptic letters which have no suitable equivalent Latin letter to express, or which have more than one pronunciation. So we use some Capital Latin letters to express some Coptic letters which have no suitable Latin letter to express. Some of these Coptic letters are:
/ ⲏ ⲑ ⲫ ⲭ ⲱ ϣ ϧ ϭ / in addition to ⲟⲩ & the numeral 6.
We will use the following Latin letters (mostly capital) to express them.
E T P c O S K C (The transliteratⲓon)
ⲏ ⲑ ⲫ ⲭ ⲱ ϣ ϧ ϭ (The Coptic letters).
omicron + Upsilon :
And we use /ou/ for omicron followed by upsilon /ⲟⲩ/ , if they express a vowel حرف واو متحرك
: ounouti : ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϯ
mareftoubo: ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ
metouro : ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ / ou: ⲟⲩ
And /w/ for omicron followed by upsilon /ⲟⲩ/ if they express a semivowel ⲟⲩ .حرف واو ساكن
wOt : ⲟⲩⲱⲧ / woh ⲟⲩⲟϩ / won ⲟⲩⲟⲛ / erOw ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ / erwO: ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ.
eTwab : ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ /
niPEwi : ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ
waY ⲟⲩⲁⲓ
تنطق "واي".
mPow: ⲙⲫⲟⲟⲩ
pipet`hOw : ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ
piOw : ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ
Upsilon : ⲩ
Upsilon has 2 powers: /w/ (after vowels) & /i/ (mostly between consonants in Greek words) so we use more than one Latin transliteration letters to express :
For the Upsilon which is pronounced as /w/ (after vowels) we transliterate it as /u/ & pronounce it as English /w/.
i.e. we use /u/ to express the /w/ sound of the consonant upsilon ⲩ ( i.e. semivowel ⲩ ) following alpha /ⲁ/ or ey /ⲉ/.
e.g. in: ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲧⲓ : pneumati
And we use /I/ ( capital i ) to express the /i/ sound for the vowel upsilon in words of Greek origin,
i.e. for the Upsilon which is pronounced as /i/ (mostly between consonants in Greek words) we transliterate it as /I/ & pronounce it as English /i/.
e.g. ⲩⲓⲱ: IyO / ⲥⲩⲛ: sIn.
(ⲇⲟⲝⲁ ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓ ⲕⲉ ⲩⲓⲱ ⲕⲉ ⲁⲅⲓⲱ ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲧⲓ).
(doxa patri ke IyO ke agyO pneumati)
and in:
ⲕⲉ ⲛⲩⲛ ⲕⲉ ⲁ̈ⲓ̈ : ke nIn ke a`i`
ⲥⲩⲛ ⲑⲉⲱ : sIn TeO
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Yota:
we use /y/ (small y) to express the consonant (semivowel) yota: (usually when it follows or precedes a vowel)
Oyk : ⲱⲓⲕ / mEyf : ⲙⲏⲓϥ / yOy : ⲓⲱⲓ / PyOt : ⲫⲓⲱⲧ.
And we use /Y/ (capital y) to express the consonant (semivowel) yota when it follows alpha.
waY ⲟⲩⲁⲓ = one: (masculine) واحد
تنطق "واي".
wi : ⲟⲩⲓ (one : feminine واحدة).
aYkati : ⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ
And we use /i/ for vowel yota: . e.g. mares`i / ShOpi / mPrEti / hijen / pikahi. / rasti
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ⲫ :
Phi in words of Coptic origin will be represented by /P/,
for it developed thus in the Coptic Language.
& we use /F/ for ⲫ in words of Greek origin, for it developed thus in modern Greek.
(ⲫ has 2 powers: /P/ in Coptic words & /F/ in Greek words: so we use 2 Latin letters to express.}
/ ⲫ / Developed to in Coptic to /p/ and in Greek to /f/.
So as regards the letter Phi, in words of Greek origin it will be represented by /F/.
& we use 6 for ⲋ .
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The jinkim is usually omitted because it was not originally present in the Coptic Language, but it is sometimes added to help beginners in pronunciation, or for a special use.
A capital /A/ represents a long /A/ in loan words borrowed from other languages.
e.g. kamAl = كمال
The first /a/ is short, i.e. فتحة The second /A/is long, i.e. ألف .
A capital /J/ represents /j / in loan words borrowed from other languages.
e.g. JEms = James ( English)
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Dr. Kamal Farid Ishaq
August14, 2021.
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الدلالات الصوتية للنطق الأول للحروف القبطية
Coptic/Latin transliteration
Of the first pronunciation of the Coptic Letters
a b g d e 6 z E T i k l m n x o p r s t u P/F c ps O S f K h j C ti
ⲁ ⲃ ⲅ ⲇ ⲉ ⲋ ⲍ ⲏ ⲑ ⲓ ⲕ ⲗ ⲙ ⲛ ⲝ ⲟ ⲡ ⲣ ⲥ ⲧ ⲩ ⲫ ⲭ ⲯ ⲱ ϣ ϥ ϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ
مع ملاحظة ما سبق ذكره عن استخدام الحروف الكبيرة استخداما خاصا، مثلا للدلالة على وجود الهاء في النطق الأصلي للحرف، التي سقطت فيما بعد أو مثل حرف خاي الذي يعبر عن الخاء، وحرف تشيما الذي يعبر عن ت+ش.
Putting in mind what has been mentioned about using capital letters for a special usage, as to indicate the presence of the /h/ sound in the original pronunciation of the letter which disappeared later, or as the letter ϧ (kh) & the letter chima ϭ (ch).
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الصلاة الربانية (أبانا الذي في السموات)
ونصوص أخرى من اللغة القبطية
مكتوبة بالدلالات الصوتية اللاتينية
Latin transliteration
Of Coptic Alhphabet
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Khen Pran `mPyOt nem `pShEri nem pipneuma eTwab
ounouti nwOt amEn
ariten nempSha njos Khen ouShep`hmot je
penyOt etKhen niPEwi mareftoubo `nje pekran mares`i
`nje tekmetouro petehnak marefShOpi mPrEti Khen `tPe
nem hijen pikahi. penOyk `nte rasti mEyf nan mPow.
woh ca nE eteron nan ebol mPrEti hOn ntencO ebol
nnEete won ntan erOw. woh mperenten eKhoun
epirasmos alla nahmen ebolha pipet`hOw. Khen
picristos yEsous penChois. je TOk te timetouro nem
tijom nem piOw Sha eneh amEn.
N.B. Later one can drop the superlinear /h/, after one gets aquainted with this transliteration.
.فيما بعد يمكن إلغاء حرف الهاء المكتوب فوق السطر بعد أن نتعود على هذه الدلالات الصوتية.
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Coptic/Latin transliteration
Of the first pronunciation of the Coptic Letters
a b g d e 6 z E T i k l m n x o p r s t u P/F c ps O S f K h j C ti
ⲁ ⲃ ⲅ ⲇ ⲉ ⲋ ⲍ ⲏ ⲑ ⲓ ⲕ ⲗ ⲙ ⲛ ⲝ ⲟ ⲡ ⲣ ⲥ ⲧ ⲩ ⲫ ⲭ ⲯ ⲱ ϣ ϥ ϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ
مع ملاحظة ما سبق ذكره عن استخدام الحروف الكبيرة استخداما خاصا، مثلا للدلالة على وجود الهاء في النطق الأصلي للحرف، التي سقطت فيما بعد أو مثل حرف خاي الذي يعبر عن الخاء، وحرف تشيما الذي يعبر عن ت+ش.
Putting in mind what has been mentioned about using capital letters for a special usage, as to indicate the presence of the /h/ sound in the original pronunciation of the letter which disappeared later, or as the letter ϧ (kh) & the letter chima ϭ (ch).
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الصلاة الربانية (أبانا الذي في السموات)
ونصوص أخرى من اللغة القبطية
مكتوبة بالدلالات الصوتية اللاتينية
Latin transliteration
Of Coptic Alhphabet
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Ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ
Khen Pran `mPyOt nem `pShEri nem pipneuma eTwab
ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ
ounouti nwOt amEn
ⲁⲣⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛϫⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ ϫⲉ
ariten nempSha njos Khen ouShep`hmot je
ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓ
penyOt etKhen niPEwi mareftoubo nje pekran mares`i
ⲛϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲧⲉϩⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲫⲉ
`nje tekmetouro petehnak marefShOpi mPrEti Khen `tPe
ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ . ⲡⲉⲛⲱⲓⲕ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲣⲁⲥϯ ⲙⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲟⲟⲩ.
nem hijen pikahi. penOyk `nte rasti mEyf nan mPow.
ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲭⲁ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲉⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ
woh ca nE eteron nan ebol mPrEti hOn ntencO ebol
ⲛⲛⲏⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ
nnEete won ntan erOw. woh mperenten eKhoun
ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲁϩⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ . ϧⲉⲛ
epirasmos alla nahmen ebolha pipet`hOw. Khen
ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲭ Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉⲛϭⲟⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲱⲕ ⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ
picristos yEsous penChoisje TOk te timetouro nem
ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ.
tijom nem piOw Sha eneh amEn.
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The text in Coptic: النص باللغة القبطية
Ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ
ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ
ⲁⲣⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛϫⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ ϫⲉ
ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲧⲉϩⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ . ⲡⲉⲛⲱⲓⲕ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲣⲁⲥϯ ⲙⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲟⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲭⲁ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲉⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲏⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲁϩⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ . ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲭ Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉⲛϭⲟⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲱⲕ ⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ.
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ⲇⲟⲝⲁ ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓ ⲕⲉ ⲩⲓⲱ ⲕⲉ ⲁⲅⲓⲱ ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲧⲓ.
doxa patri ke IyO ke agyO pneumati.
ⲕⲉ ⲛⲩⲛ ⲕⲉ ⲁ̈ⲓ̈ ⲕⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲧⲟⲩⲥ ⲉⲱⲛⲁⲥ ⲧⲱⲛ ⲉⲱⲛⲱⲛ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ
ke nyn ke a`i` ke is tous eOnas tOn eOnOn amEn.
د. كمال فريد إسحق
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